# linux常用操作

# 1. 重复之前的命令

history 显示命令历史列表

↑(Ctrl+p) 显示上一条命令

↓(Ctrl+n) 显示下一条命令

!num 执行命令历史列表的第num条命令

!! 执行上一条命令

!?string? 执行含有string字符串的最新命令

ctrl+r

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# 2. linux挂载共享存储

sudo mount -t  cifs //192.168.1.85/public /root/public  -o username=sheare,password='',vers=2.0,dir_mode=0777,file_mode=0777 
sudo mount -t cifs //192.168.1.85/public /home/fengyu/public -o username=sheare,password='',vers=2.0
sudo mount -t cifs //192.168.1.85/public/ansible-install/v1.5.0/bin /home/fengyu/gitlab/InstallationYTung/bin -o username=sheare,password='',vers=2.0
sudo mount -t cifs //192.168.1.85/publicansible-install/v1.5.0/images-pushed /home/fengyu/gitlab/InstallationYTung//home/fengyu/gitlab/InstallationYTung/resources/images-pushed -o username=sheare,password='',vers=2.0

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# 3. 静态ip

cat /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml

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cat << EOF > /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml
network:
    ethernets:
        ens33:
            dhcp4: no
            addresses: [192.168.172.91/24]
            optional: true
            gateway4: 192.168.172.81
            nameservers:
                    addresses: [8.8.8.8]
 
    version: 2
EOF

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ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.4 netmask 255.255.255.0
route add default gw 192.168.172.81
sudo netplan apply
ip addr

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# 4. dns配置

vim /etc/systemd/resolved.conf 
systemctl restart systemd-resolved.service
systemd-resolve --status

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# 5. 查看那些文件占用多

#磁盘占用情况
df -h
# 查看那个目录空间大
sudo du -s /* | sudo sort -nr
#当前目录文件夹大小情况
du -h --max-depth=1
#是否删除掉的文件仍然被占用
lsof | grep deleted

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# 6. 杀进程

lsof -i :端口 kill -9 进程ID

lsof -i:8000 kill -9 1730

# 7. 终端走代理

export ALL_PROXY=socks5://127.0.0.1:1080

# 8. 带密码zip文件解压

zipcloak -d unzip

##目录大小 df -h
命令查看整个硬盘的大小，-h表示人可读的 du -d 1 -h 命令查看当前目录下所有文件夹的大小 -d 指深度，后面加一个数值

# 9. 查找30天以前的文件并执行操作

find /Users/xuran/.jenkins/userContent -mtime +30 -name "*.*" -exec ls {} \;
find /Users/xuran/.jenkins/job -mtime +30 -name "*.*" -exec ls {} \;

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# 10. ubuntu打开文件夹

nautilus /etc alias op='nautilus'

# 11. 图片优化

#jpg
sudo apt-get install jpegoptim
find . -name "*.JPG" | xargs jpegoptim
#png
sudo apt-get install optipng
find . -name *.png | xargs optipng

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# 12. 删除30天前的文件

find /Users/xuran/.jenkins/userContent -mtime +200 -name "*.*" -exec ls {} \;

# 13. 新增用户加入sudo

useradd -d /home/apulis -g "0" -u "552" -m -s /bin/bash "apulis"

useradd -d /home/apulis -g "0" -m -s /bin/bash "apulis"
usermod apulis -a -G sudo
vim /etc/sudoers
%sudo   ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL

passwd apulis

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# 14. root远程登录

vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
PermitRootLogin yes

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# 15. 免密登录

ssh-copy-id
.ssh/authorized_keys

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# 16. docker

配置软件源，安装docker

sudo apt-get -y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
curl -fsSL http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt-get --no-install-recommends install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

sudo apt-get --no-install-recommends install -y python3-pip python3-setuptools
sudo python3 -m pip install setuptools docker-compose

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当前用户加入docker用户组


sudo groupadd docker
sudo usermod -aG docker ${USER}
#sudo chmod 666 /var/run/docker.sock
newgrp docker
sudo systemctl restart docker 
sudo systemctl enable docker
sudo systemctl start docker

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如果要配置 Docker 镜像加速，打开 /etc/docker/daemon.json 文件，registry-mirrors 增加或修改，加入https://registry.docker-cn.com 这个地址，也可以填写阿里云腾讯云等镜像加速地址。

示例


{
    "registry-mirrors": [
        "https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/",
        "https://hub-mirror.c.163.com",
        "https://registry.docker-cn.com"
    ],
    "insecure-registries": [
        "10.31.3.222:8443"
    ]
}

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重启 Docker，使配置生效

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

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# 17. ohmyzsh

安装

sudo apt install zsh -y
chsh -s /bin/zsh
sudo reboot
echo $SHELL

sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
sh -c "$(wget https://raw.github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh -O -)"

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alias vs='code $1'
alias open='nautilus $1'
alias open='xdg-open'
alias idea='_a(){ pycharm64.exe $1  &}; _a'
alias pycharm='_a(){ idea64.exe $1  &}; _a'



plugins=( z git extract sudo web-search last-working-dir zsh-autosuggestions zsh-syntax-highlighting)
git clone git://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting

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# 18. crontab

sudo service cron start
crontab -e

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# 19. pip源

                              pip config set install.trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com

# 19. gpu驱动

sudo apt install ubuntu-drivers-common
ubuntu-drivers devices
sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall
sudo apt install nvidia-driver-455
nvidia-smi

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# 21. 启用https

# 启用HTTPS  
$ sudo apt install -y \
    apt-transport-https \
    ca-certificates \
    curl \
    gnupg-agent \
    software-properties-common

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# 22. 查看本地公网ip

curl myip.ipip.net

##快速查询目录大小

# 23. autossh

autossh -p 50018 -NCPfg root@119.147.212.162 -L 3388:127.0.0.1:5432

# 24. 问题解决

# 24.1. NO_PUBKEY

sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com `sudo apt update 2>&1 | grep -o '[0-9A-Z]\{16\}$' | xargs`
sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com `sudo apt update 2>&1 | grep -o '[0-9A-Z]\{16\}$' | xargs`

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安装y-ppa-manager

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/y-ppa-manager
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install y-ppa-manager

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# 24.2. linuxmint国内源

ubuntu20.04版本代号focal

清华linuxmint源 (opens new window) 编辑 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/official-package-repositories.list ：

对于基于 Ubuntu 的原版，以 Linuxmint 19 为例：

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/linuxmint/ tara main upstream import backport deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu/ bionic partner

对于基于 Debian 的 LMDE，以 LMDE 2 为例：

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/linuxmint/ betsy main upstream import deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian jessie main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian jessie-updates main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian jessie-backports main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ jessie/updates main non-free contrib deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/deb-multimedia/ jessie main non-free

然后运行 sudo apt-get update 更新索引以生效。

小技巧

完成后请不要再使用 mintsources（自带的图形化软件源设置工具）进行任何操作，因为在操作后，无论是否有按“确定”，mintsources 均会复写 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/official-package-repositories.list 。

# 24.3. 解决apt-get安装中的E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code

在用apt-get安装软件包的时候遇到E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)问题，解决方法如下：

cd /var/lib/dpkg/
sudo mv info/ info_bak
sudo mkdir info
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -f install
sudo mv info/* info_bak/
sudo rm -rf info
sudo mv info_bak info

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# 24.4. dns配置

vim /etc/systemd/resolved.conf 
systemctl restart systemd-resolved.service
systemd-resolve --status

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